How is Gold Mined and What are the Methods?

Gold is mined by 4 different methods. Placer mining, hard rock mining, byproduct mining and by processing gold ore. Each of these categories has it's own unique methods of extracting the gold from the surrounding materials.

In placer mining, gold is retrieved by metal detecting, panning, cradling, sluicing, and dredging. This is the most common gold mining category for amateur gold hunters, using gravity and water to separate the dense gold from the other materials that surround it.

Hard rock mining is the process of using open pit or underground mining tunnels to retrieve the gold from the rock. This method of gold mining is responsible for recovering most of the worlds gold supply.

Byproduct mining is related to hard rock mining in that open pit or underground mining tunnels are used. In byproduct mining, gold is a secondary find. The mining operation's main purpose is to recover copper, sand, gravel or other products, but significant quantities of Gold exist to make byproduct mining profitable. An example of this kind of mining would be the Grasberg mine in Papua, Indonesia, which was developed to extract copper from the earth. Though Gold is not the primary product, this mine produces more Gold than any other mine globally.

The final category of gold mining is the processing of gold ore. This method is largely becoming deprecated as the yield of Gold is often very low and the environmental impact and costs of the operation are substantial. Gold ore is finely crushed rock or earth containing trace amounts of Gold, which are extracted using a chemical process. The most commonly used chemical for this process is Cyanide.

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How to Tell if a Gemstone is Real?

Gemstones have long been prized for their beauty, rarity, and brilliance. However, with advancements in technology and synthetic alternatives flooding the market, identifying real gemstones has become increasingly difficult. Whether you’re purchasing an engagement ring, investing in a high-end jewelry piece, or evaluating a gemstone in your collection, knowing how to differentiate genuine stones from imitations is crucial.

Common Fake Gemstones & How to Identify Them

Many imitation gemstones are designed to look indistinguishable from real ones, but they lack the natural properties that give authentic gems their value and unique beauty. Below are some of the most commonly faked gemstones and how to tell them apart from the real deal;

1. Diamonds vs. Cubic Zirconia & Moissanite

Diamonds are the most sought-after gemstones, making them a frequent target for imitation. The two most common substitutes are cubic zirconia (CZ) and moissanite.

• Cubic Zirconia – A synthetic material with a similar sparkle but lacks the hardness and fire of a real diamond. It appears “too perfect” and has a lower refractive index.
• Moissanite – A lab-created gemstone that looks extremely close to a diamond but exhibits more fire (rainbow-like reflections).

How to Tell if a Diamond is Real

1. Use the fog test – Breathe on the gemstone. Real diamonds disperse heat immediately, while fakes fog up for a few seconds.
2. Look under a jeweler’s loupe – Real diamonds have natural inclusions, while cubic zirconia is flawless.
3. Use a diamond tester – This device measures thermal conductivity; diamonds conduct heat better than imitations.

2. Emeralds vs. Glass & Synthetic Emeralds

Emeralds are known for their deep green color and natural inclusions. However, glass-based imitations and lab-created emeralds attempt to replicate their beauty.

• Glass Imitations – These lack inclusions, have an overly smooth surface, and do not exhibit the same light dispersion as natural emeralds.
• Synthetic Emeralds – Chemically identical to natural emeralds but are grown in a lab and lack the rarity of a mined gemstone.

How to Spot a Fake Emerald

1. Hold the stone up to light – If it appears overly clear or lacks depth, it may be glass.
2. Check for bubbles – Air bubbles inside the stone indicate it is glass.
3. Examine color variations – A real emerald will have subtle color variations and natural inclusions.

3. Sapphires & Rubies vs. Lab-Created & Treated Stones

Sapphires and rubies belong to the corundum family and are highly prized for their intense colors. However, many on the market are heat-treated, dyed, or entirely synthetic.

• Lab-Created Sapphires & Rubies – These have the same chemical structure as natural gems but are manufactured in a lab, making them far less valuable.
• Glass-Filled Rubies – Low-quality rubies are sometimes treated with glass to fill cracks and improve clarity.

How to Identify a Fake Sapphire or Ruby

1. Use a magnification loupe – Natural sapphires and rubies contain inclusions, while synthetics appear too perfect.
2. Shine a UV light – Real sapphires and rubies exhibit fluorescence; fake ones may not.
3. Check for bubbles – As with emeralds, air bubbles can indicate a glass-filled or synthetic stone.

4. Pearls vs. Fake or Cultured Pearls

Natural pearls are extremely rare and valuable, leading to the production of cultured pearls, shell pearls, and plastic imitations.

• Natural Pearls – Formed organically within mollusks, each pearl has unique texture and iridescence.
• Cultured Pearls – Grown with human intervention in oysters, but still considered real pearls.
• Imitation Pearls – Made of plastic or coated glass, lacking the depth and warmth of real pearls.

How to Identify Real Pearls

1. Perform the tooth test – Gently rub the pearl against your teeth. Real pearls feel gritty, while fake ones are smooth.
2. Check the temperature – Genuine pearls feel cool to the touch, whereas imitations warm up quickly.
3. Observe the luster – Real pearls have a deep, radiant glow, while fakes often appear flat or dull.

5. Opals vs. Synthetic or Imitation Opals

Opals are beloved for their mesmerizing play of color, but fake versions made from resin or glass lack the same depth.

• Synthetic Opals – These are lab-grown and exhibit uniform color patterns.
• Imitation Opals – Made from glass or plastic, lacking natural opal’s signature fire.

How to Spot a Fake Opal

1. Hold it under light – Real opals display color play from all angles, while fakes often have a single color pattern.
2. Look for layering – Some synthetic opals have a clear resin top layer, making them appear unnatural.

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Do Gold Chains Hold Value?

Gold chains have long been a symbol of wealth, elegance, and timeless style. But beyond their aesthetic appeal, do gold chains hold value? 

What Are Karats?

The purity of gold is measured in karats, which indicates the proportion of gold in the alloy out of 24 parts. Pure gold is 24 karats, meaning it is 100% gold. However, pure gold is too soft for most jewelry purposes, so it is often alloyed with other metals to increase its durability.

Common Karat Values

• 24K: Pure gold, rarely used for chains due to softness.
• 22K: Contains 91.6% gold, has a rich color but is still quite soft.
• 18K: Contains 75% gold, a good balance of purity and durability.
• 14K: Contains 58.3% gold, popular for its durability and affordability.
• 10K: Contains 41.7% gold, more durable but less pure.

The value of a gold chain increases with the karat value, as higher karats mean a higher proportion of gold.

Factors Affecting the Value of Gold Chains;

Gold Market Price

The market price of gold fluctuates based on supply and demand, geopolitical stability, and economic factors. The current price of gold is a significant determinant of the value of your gold chain.

Weight and Length

Gold chains are typically sold by weight. Heavier chains contain more gold, increasing their value. The length of the chain also contributes to the overall weight, with longer chains generally being more valuable.

Design and Craftsmanship

Intricate designs and high-quality craftsmanship can significantly enhance the value of a gold chain. Chains with unique patterns or those that require skilled labor to produce tend to be more valuable.

Brand and Provenance

Chains from reputable jewelers or those with a known history can hold more value. Provenance, or the chain’s history of ownership, can also affect its value, especially if it has belonged to someone famous or notable.

Condition

The condition of the gold chain is crucial. Chains that are well-maintained and show minimal signs of wear are more valuable. Regular cleaning and proper storage can help maintain the chain’s condition.

Types of Gold Chains;

Solid Gold Chains

Solid gold chains are made entirely of gold alloy. These chains hold significant value due to their high gold content and durability. They are an excellent investment, maintaining value over time.

Hollow Gold Chains

Hollow gold chains look like solid gold chains but contain less gold. While they are lighter and more affordable, they are also less durable and hold less value compared to solid gold chains.

Gold-Plated Chains

Gold-plated chains have a thin layer of gold over a base metal. These chains are much less expensive and hold minimal value compared to solid or hollow gold chains. The gold layer can wear off over time, further reducing their value.

Gold chains hold significant value due to their gold content, design, and craftsmanship. By understanding the factors that affect their value and ensuring proper care and maintenance, you can make a sound investment in gold jewelry. Source

Uncovering the Hidden Value of Precious Metal Dental Scrap

Have you ever wondered about dental restoration materials like crowns, bridges, or implants? You may be surprised to learn that these materials are not just waste but valuable sources of precious metals that can be recycled and refined.

The Inner Workings of Precious Metal Dental Scrap

Precious metal dental scrap is any material left over from old dental restorations that contain gold, silver, platinum, or palladium. These metals are used in dentistry because they are durable, corrosion-resistant, and biocompatible. However, they are also very expensive and scarce, which makes them attractive to investors and refiners. Precious metal dental scrap has value because it can be melted down and purified to recover the precious metals inside. These metals can be used for various purposes, such as making new jewelry, coins, bars, or industrial products. Recycling dental scrap can help reduce the demand for mining new metals, which has environmental and social impacts.

Precious Metal Dental Scrap Under a Microscope

Dental scrap can vary in size, shape, color, and quality depending on the type of restoration and the amount of precious metals present. Some dental scrap may look like pure gold or silver, while others may look like white metal or ceramic. Other dental scraps may have other metals or materials mixed in with the precious metals, such as base metals (e.g., copper or nickel), porcelain, resin, or amalgam. The amount of precious metals in dental scrap depends on several factors, such as the age of the restoration, the manufacturer of the material, the preference of the dentist or patient, and the cost of the metal at the time of fabrication. Generally, older restorations tend to have higher percentages of precious metals than newer ones, as they were made when the metals were cheaper and more available. However, this is not always the case. The only way to determine the exact amount of precious metals in dental scrap is to have it tested by a professional refiner who can use advanced equipment and techniques to analyze its composition and purity.

Value of Precious Metal Dental Scrap

Precious metal dental scraps are valuable because they can be melted down and purified to recover the precious metals inside. These metals can be used for various purposes, such as making new jewelry, coins, bars, or industrial products.

The value of dental scrap depends on factors such as:

• The quantity of dental scrap
• The quality of dental scrap
• The current market prices of gold, silver, platinum, and palladium
• The fees and charges of the buyer

Precious metal dental scrap is a valuable source of income that many people overlook or ignore. By selling your dental scrap to a reputable buyer who can offer you a fair price based on the current market value of precious metals, you can earn extra money and help protect the environment by recycling precious metals instead of discarding them. Source

Circulated vs. Uncirculated Coins: What’s the Difference and Why Does it Matter?

There are two primary types of coins: circulated and uncirculated. 

The main difference between these two types of coins is their condition. 

• Circulated coins have been used in everyday transactions and thus have been subject to wear and tear. Circulated coins are made using a process called “minting,” which involves stamping the coin design onto a blank coin. 
• Uncirculated coins have never been used in circulation and are thus in pristine condition.Uncirculated coins are made using a process called “plating,” which involves coating a blank coin with a thin layer of metal.

What Are The Different Grades Of Uncirculated Coins

There are two different grades of uncirculated coins: business strike and proof. 

• Business strike coins are struck for circulation, while proof coins are specially made for collectors. 
• Proof coins are more carefully struck, resulting in a higher-quality finish. 

The Sheldon numerical system is also used for grading coins. Under this system, uncirculated coins can be graded from MS60 (barely uncirculated) to MS70 (perfect). If you’re new to collecting or investing in coins, circulated coins may be an excellent place to start. They’re usually more affordable than uncirculated coins and can still be quite collectible.

How Can You Spot the Difference between Circulated and Uncirculated Coins?

You can spot the difference between circulated and uncirculated coins in a few ways.

• Look at the coin’s surface. Circulated coins will have scratches and wear from handling, while uncirculated coins will be free of these marks. 
• Look at the coin’s edge. Circulated coins often have nicks or gouges, while uncirculated coins have smooth edges. 
• Look at the coin’s luster. Uncirculated coins will have a bright, shiny luster, while circulated coins will often have a duller luster.

Circulated coins are less expensive than uncirculated coins, so if you’re on a budget, circulated coins are a better option. Circulated coins may be cheaper, but they are likely not in mint condition and have lost some value over time. 

Uncirculated coins are more valuable since they retain their original condition. While they cost more, their condition means they will likely retain or increase in value. To provide an approximate value for a coin, it’s essential to consult reliable coin pricing guides, reference books, or consult with reputable coin dealers. Source

The Origin of the Pot of Gold

The "pot of gold at the end of a rainbow" originates from Irish folklore, where leprechauns, a type of mischievous fairy, are said to hide their treasures, including gold, at the elusive end of a rainbow, a place that is impossible to reach. The concept of a pot of gold at the end of a rainbow is deeply rooted in Irish folklore, where leprechauns are depicted as small, solitary fairies who are known for their mischievous nature and skill in shoe-making. 

In Irish folklore, leprechauns are said to have hidden pots of gold, which they have amassed over the centuries, often buried in secret locations marked by the elusive end of a rainbow.  The rainbow itself is often seen as a bridge between the mortal world and the realm of fairies, where leprechauns are said to reside. 

Some stories suggest that the leprechaun's pot of gold is a reward for those who are able to find it, while others imply that the treasure is a symbol of something that is unattainable, much like chasing after a dream. The imagery of leprechauns, shamrocks, and pots of gold at the end of rainbows has become strongly associated with St. Patrick's Day, a holiday that celebrates Irish culture.  Source

Happy St. Patricks Day from all of us at Martinez Coin And Jewelry Exchange!!! Hope you strike gold and if you do, bring it to us! 

What Damages Coins?

Let’s go into more detail about what can damage your coins, assuming they are not stored or cared for properly. Again, your coins can get damaged in various ways, such as humidity, temperature, mishandling, acids or chemical reactions, and air quality. 

Humidity

Moisture can lead to corrosion or rust, especially if your coins are made of vulnerable metals such as silver or a copper or bronze alloy. Avoid keeping your coin collection near a place with water or areas exposed to moisture, including places such as water pipes or windows. Even breathing directly on your coins can create spots from your saliva.

Temperature

While heat and cold aren’t necessarily an issue for your coins, the transition between the two can cause condensation (moisture), resulting in rust or corrosion. Higher temperatures can also speed up chemical reactions, accelerating damage to your coins.

Improper Handling

Mishandling coins can include touching coins with your bare fingers. Oils from our fingers can corrode metals, leading to stains and smudges. Throwing collectible coins into a single container is another way that can result in damage as coins scrape against each other, causing dings and scratches.

Acids/Chemical Reactions

Acids or chemicals can be found in all sorts of materials, including cardboard, wood, adhesives, and plastics. Such materials, over time, can leach chemicals or acids onto your coins, resulting in corrosion.

Air Quality

Air containing extreme concentrations of pollutants such as paint fumes and exhaust emissions can chemically react with oxygen, leading to possible coin damage. Pollutants can settle on a coin’s surface over time and react with the metal. Some pollutants will chemically react when exposed to moisture.

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